Wednesday, 25 August 2021

Good-Bye, Mr. Chips! Summary-Detailed

 Good-Bye, Mr. Chips!

Simplified Detailed Summary

Brookfield School was very famous in the middle of the nineteenth century. When Mr. Chips joined it, there were 500 odd students who were notorious for their mischievous behavior. They enjoyed much by teasing the new masters when they entered the class for the first time. It was an exciting sport for them and it had also become a tradition for them.

Individually, they were decent boys, but they were at their worst in behavior and creating trouble for their teacher as a mob.

As Mr. Chips took his seat at the desk on the dais, he assumed a frown on his eyebrows just to show that he was very serious and he also wanted to hide his nervousness. Suddenly someone dropped a desk lid on the floor in the classroom. It was the time for Mr. Chips to react strongly to establish his authority on them. He said loudly: ‘You there in the fifth row, you with the red hair-----what’s your name?’

“Colley,  sir!”

“Very well, Colley, you have a hundred lines to write.”

After that, there was no trouble.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

There is a gap of years in the story now.

That boy ‘Colley’ grew up to become an alderman (member of council) of the city of London and he also gained much reputation to get more titles. He had a son who was also red-haired like him. He sent him to Brookfield.

One day, Mr. Chips told the boy, “Colley, your father was the first boy I ever punished when I came here twenty-five years ago. He deserved it then and you deserve it now.”

The whole class was laughed and Sir Richard (Mr. Colley senior) also laughed that day when his son wrote the story in next Sunday letter to his father.

Mr. Chips was very resourceful in creating funny remarks and situations. There was always a touch of humour in the way he presented things.

Again, many years after, a funny thing happened. The third-gen Colley (the son of the 2nd Colley) joined the school.

One day, Mr. Chips remarked to him, “Colley, you are-----umph-----a splendid example of------umph-----inherited traditions. I remember your grandfather-----umph----he could never grasp the elements of grammar. And your father, too---umph----I remember him----um----he used to sit at that far desk by the wall---he wasn’t much better. But I do believe, my dear Colley, that you are----umph----um----the biggest fool of the lot!”

Such types of remarks always created roars of laughter in the class and kept Mr. Chips’ classes the happiest ones and the boys loved him very much.

ABOUT BROOKFIELD

Brookfield was an old institution that was established in the rule of Queen Elizabeth as a grammar school. It was rebuilt with large additions during the rule of George I. Several rich families supported it and the school created several history-making men like judges, members of parliament, colonial administrators, peers and bishops.

By the year1880, Mr. Chips had become the part and parcel of Brookfield. His humour made him popular among a large section of students. In a way, he had become a living legend (celebrity, a tale). Mr. Chips did not like to isolate himself from the students. He used to watch the students playing. He would smile and exchange a few words with them when they touched their caps to him. He had made a point to know all the new boys and having tea with them. The older students also told the new ones about Mr. Chips’ good nature.

 Mr. Chips also grew old with the institution and its traditions. In 1900, Mr. Meldrum, who had been the principal of Brookfield for decades died. Mr. Chips became acting Head of Brookfield. It was hoped that the Governors would make his appointment permanent. But it did not happen. A young man of thirty-seven was appointed as the head of the school.. He had such a strict personality that the mere lifting of his eyebrow would create silence in the Big Hall. Mr. Chips knew that he could not become that kind of person as Mr. Ralston, the new principal was.

There also developed a row (quarrel) between Mr. Chips and Mr. Ralston, who was an ambitious and efficient principal.

Chips served him willingly and loyally. He had the advantage of age and seniority and it saved him from the fate of other masters whom Ralston failed to like.

In 1908, Mr. Chips turned sixty and Ralston sent him an ultimatum in a cultured manner: “Mr. Chipping, have you ever thought you would like to retire?”

Mr. Chips at once rejected the idea. After that, Mr. Ralston said in plain words that his methods of teaching were outdated and insufficient. His personal habits are also odd and he ignored his instructions. It all showed his insubordination.

Ralston further said that his gown was also a source of continual amusement in the whole school. He also added that his pronunciation of Latin was also not satisfactory.

After that Mr. Chips said that he did not agree with the new pronunciation. He was against pronouncing ‘Cicero’ as ‘kickero’. He could not pronounce ‘VICISSISM’ as ‘We kiss ‘im’. Saying that Mr. Chips chuckled (laughed quietly) forgetting that he was in Ralston's study and not in his room. 

Mr. Ralston said that he aimed to make Brookfield a fully up-to-date school as parents had started to demand modern things.

Suddenly, everything was clear to Mr. Chips. Ralston wanted to run Brookfield like a factory---- a factory that would create snob cultures based on money and machinery. The old gentlemanly traditions of family, etc. all were changing.

 At present, all these thoughts made Mr. Chips angry, but he did not say even a single word. He only walked away. While coming out at the gate, he uttered, “I don’t---umph----intend to resign---and you can do what you like about it!”

It happened that a small boy was listening to the whole conversation outside the door and he spread this among his friends. Some of them, in a very short time told their parents that Mr. Ralston insulted Mr. Chips and demanded his resignation.

Mr. Chips had never imagined that the parents would show such a great sympathy for him. Mr. Chips also found out the truth about Mr. Ralston that he was feared and respected but not liked. That issue made Mr. Chips more respected. Even young masters, who felt that Chips was hopelessly old-fashioned, rallied around him because they hated Mr. Ralston’s nature of making teachers his slaves.

One day, Sir John Rivers, the chairperson of the Governors visited Brookfield. Ignoring Ralston, he went direct to Chips. While walking around the deserted cricket pitches, Sir John said, “Chips, old boy, sorry to hear about your row with Ralston. We want you to know that Governors are with you to a man. We don’t like that fellow a great deal. …….Please don’t resign.”

Thus Mr. Chips stayed on there. But now, he was sixty-five and he had an attack of bronchitis which compelled him to resign. He received farewell presentations and made a speech which was greatly uproarious (extremely funny) He used many Latin quotations in it but the reference to the captain of the school was the most amusing one. He said that the captain was guilty of exaggeration (overstatement) in speaking about Chips’ service to the school. Thus he kept speaking in his typical funny style.

It was around 1933 when Chips fell into a kind of somnolence drowsiness like sleep). He had a dream-like state full of faces, voices, old scenes, cheers, and laughter, and over it all, the Brookfield bells.

Once he heard the doctor whispering near his bed: ‘Poor old chap---he must have lived a lonely sort of life, all by himself.’

The attendant said that he had married and after a year or so his wife died.

The doctor showing pity on him and remarked that he could not have children. At that, Mr. Chips opened his eyes as wide as he could and said, “ I thought I heard you say I never had ---umph-um---any children, eh! But you know I have…’And then the chorus sang: ‘Pettifer, Pollet, Potts, Pullman, Purvis, Pym Wilson…come round me now, all of you, for the last word and a joke…my boys…’

Soon he was asleep.

Goodbye, Mr. Chips

 

 

 

 

Wednesday, 4 August 2021

Monday, 12 July 2021

The Last Leaf-Questions -Answers

 Questions-Answers on The Last Leaf

 QA. Comprehension   Questions & Answers 

[These are sample answers. You can also use your own language to write better answers.}

Q1. What do you know about the cold unseen stranger?

Ans. The narrator calls Mr. Pneumonia ‘the cold unseen stranger’. It is invisible to all, so it is called unseen and cold because cold icy winds cause it. It is a stranger because no one knows it. Pneumonia, the disease called influenza, has been personified here. He moves in the narrow streets of the town with long steps. He makes people his victims by touching them with his icy fingers. He is no more an old gentleman. Johnsy has also become its victim along with other people.

Q2.What is the doctor’s verdict regarding Johnsy’s illness?

Ans. The doctor’s verdict (decision) about Johnsy’s illness was that her chances of recovery were ten out of a hundred. It was a very low chance for her survival (life).

Q3. What was the scene outside Johnsy’s window?

Ans. There was an open yard, just below the window of Johnsy’s room. At some distance from the wall, there was another wall of a house. With very few leaves remaining on it, an old ivy vine climbed up to the half distance on that wall. The ivy vine was very old and it had become twisted and decayed (rotten) at the roots.

Q4. What did Johnsy look like with her eyes closed? What was she tired of? What did she want?

Ans. Johnsy looked white and still (motionless) like a fallen statue when she lay on her bed with closed eyes. She was tired of watching and counting leaves on the ivy vine outside the window of her room. She wanted to loosen the grip on her life and sail away like a falling leaf. Actually, she wanted to die.

 Q5. Write a character of old Behrman.

Ans. Behrman was an old painter with a flowing beard and body like that of an imp. He was a failure in art. His canvas had been waiting for a masterpiece for the last forty years. He earned very little money by sitting as a model in front of the young artists who wanted to make his portrait. He drank gin in plenty (very much). He disliked softness in anyone. He had a kind heart. That was why he sacrificed his own life while saving Johnsy’s. That was his supreme sacrifice. His painted leaf became his masterpiece because it saved someone’s life.

Q6. How did Behrman die? Did he paint his masterpiece?

Ans. Behrman knew that Johnsy would die if the last leaf on the wall fell down. He was sure that the leaf would not stay there on the wall due to stormy weather. So he took a ladder, a lantern, material for painting. He did not care for the cold wind and rain and painted a leaf that looked real on the wall. But he became a victim of pneumonia and died very soon. Johnsy recovered from her illness to see the painted leaf the on the wall. Thus, that leaf became his masterpiece.

QB. Word-meanings: 1. Squatty: low, sunken, stunted 

2. Congenial: friendly, compatible 

3. Chivalric: gallant, courageous, noble, valiant 

4.curative: having curing power, healthful, medicinal 

5. Swaggered: walked in a showy manner 

6. still: motionless

7. Elegant: graceful, rich-looking, attractive 

8.broth: thick soup 

9. Hermit: any person having religious ideas and  living in loneliness 

10. Imp: a small evil spirit , a mischievous child, 

11. Serrated: having sharp ends 

12. Fragile: that can be broken easily, weak 

13. Flibbertigibbet: excessively talkative, having odd ideas 

14 gnarled: twisted 

15. Persistent: unpleasantly continuing, not ready to stop despite opposition

QC. 

Ans.1 Sue to Johnsy   

Ans 2. Behrman to Sue    

Ans. 3 : Johnsy to Sue  

Ans. 4. Sue to Doctor   

Ans. 5. Doctor to sue          

Q.D Read the stanzas….

Extract A: It is the last one…..

Ans 1. Johnsy was trying to say that she would die the moment the last leaf fell down.     

Ans. 2: Johnsy had lost her will to live. She thought that she would die as the last leaf on the vine fell down.   

Ans3. She asked Johnsy what she would do if she (Johnsy) died.  

Ans. 4 The soul that is about to leave this physical world is the most lonesome soul in the world. 

Q5. What was happening to Johnsy one by one. 

Ans5. She was becoming more and more sad and hopeless about her recovery from illness with the leaves falling one by one.    

Extract B 

Ans 1. ‘Him’ is Behrman. He was ill for two days.    

Ans. 2 They were wet because of rain. 

Ans 3. The ladder and the lantern indicate that Behrman had used them in the stormy night to paint the last leaf on the wall to save Johnsy’s life.        

Ans. 4 The last leaf was not the real one. It did not move in the story wind. It was still and motionless. It was still green.      

Ans 5. Those were used by Behrman for painting the last leaf on the wall to save Johnsy’s life.