Macbeth ki Summary in English-Summary of Macbeth

Summary of Macbeth

William Shakespeare wrote the finest tragedies and Macbeth is one of them. It tells the story of a Scottish nobleman named Macbeth who becomes consumed by ambition and the desire for power, leading him down a destructive path of murder and betrayal. The play explores themes of ambition, guilt, and the corrupting nature of power. Here is a summary: 

Act 1: The play begins with a brief encounter between three witches, known as the Weird Sisters, who discuss their plans to meet Macbeth. In a desolate place, they wait for him as a storm rages overhead. When Macbeth and his loyal friend Banquo come across the witches, they are intrigued by their prophecies. The witches hail Macbeth as the Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and future king. They also predict that Banquo's descendants will inherit the throne.

Shortly after, Macbeth and Banquo receive news that Macbeth has been named the Thane of Cawdor, which confirms the first part of the witches' prophecy. This revelation sparks Macbeth's ambition, and he begins to contemplate the idea of becoming king. Lady Macbeth, Macbeth's wife, learns about the prophecy and becomes equally consumed by the idea of power.

Act 2: Driven by ambition, Macbeth contemplates murdering King Duncan to fulfill the witches' prophecy. He wrestles with his conscience but is eventually persuaded by Lady Macbeth to carry out the deed. Lady Macbeth concocts a plan to drug the king's guards and frame them for the murder. Macbeth, tormented by his own thoughts, sees a bloody dagger in front of him and proceeds to kill Duncan in his sleep.

The next morning, Macbeth is overcome with guilt and paranoia. He becomes increasingly suspicious of others, fearing that they may discover his actions. As a result, he kills the chamberlains in a fit of rage, blaming them for Duncan's murder. Macduff, a nobleman, becomes suspicious of Macbeth's behavior and begins to question his motives.

Act 3: Macbeth's guilt and paranoia intensify as he becomes more ruthless in his pursuit of power. He hires assassins to kill Banquo and his son Fleance, fearing that their descendants may fulfill the witches' prophecy. Fleance manages to escape at the time when Banquo is murdered.

During a royal banquet, Macbeth is haunted by the ghost of Banquo, which only he can see. His disturbed behavior arouses suspicion among the nobles present, leading to further alienation and isolation for Macbeth. Lady Macbeth tries to alleviate the situation, but Macbeth's mental state deteriorates rapidly.

Act 4: Macbeth returns to the witches to seek more prophecies. The Weird Sisters conjure three apparitions that offer cryptic predictions: Macbeth should beware of Macduff, no man born of a woman can harm him, and he will remain safe until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Hill. Encouraged by the apparitions, Macbeth believes himself to be invincible.

Meanwhile, Macduff, suspicious of Macbeth's actions, joins forces with Malcolm, the rightful heir to the throne. Together, they plan to gather an army and overthrow Macbeth. Macduff learns that his family has been murdered on Macbeth's orders, which fuels his determination to seek revenge.

Act 5: Lady Macbeth's guilt and madness intensify, and she sleepwalks, tormented by the murders committed. She eventually takes her own life, unable to bear the weight of her actions.

As the battle approaches, Macbeth remains defiant, convinced that he cannot be defeated. However, Macduff reveals that he was not "born of a woman" in the traditional sense but was instead delivered by a cesarean section. This fulfills the witches' prophecy, and Macbeth realizes his imminent demise. Despite this, he fights valiantly but is ultimately slain by Macduff.

Malcolm, now the rightful king, is crowned, and peace is restored to Scotland. The play ends with Malcolm's vow to restore order and justice to the kingdom.

In conclusion, Macbeth is a tragic play that delves into the destructive consequences of unchecked ambition and the corrupting influence of power. It portrays the downfall of a noble character who succumbs to his darkest desires, leading to a series of brutal and tragic events.

The Third Level-Questions-Answers-Jack Finney

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1. The Third Level: Writer: Jack Finney (Notes Prepared by Shish Pal Chauhan)

Short-Answer Type Qs

Q1. How does Jack Finney describe the Grand Central like the roots of a tree?

Ans. Jack Finney describes that the Grand Central is growing like a tree. He finds new corridors and staircases coming out in front of him. He compares them to the roots of a tree, which are often invisible.

 Q2. Describe four unusual things which Charley finds at the third level?

Ans. Everything was quite different at the third level for Charley. The rooms were smaller. There were fewer ticket windows. The lights were dim and flickering because they were open-flame gaslights. There were brass spittoons on the floors.

 Q3. Describe the men at the third level as seen by Charlie in his reverie.

Ans. The people Charley saw in his reverie were dressed in the old style of the year 1890 or something. They wore derby hats and four buttoned suits with small lapels. Men had beard, side-whiskers and mustaches.

 Q4. Why was Charley not able to purchase tickets from the third level? How did he manage to purchase them?

Ans. Charley was unable to purchase tickets from the window because he had modern currency. It was invalid because old style bills were accepted at the booking window. The next day Charley managed to get old style bills to purchase two tickets.

 Q5. What is the first day cover? Elaborate it.

Ans. When a new stamp is issued, the stamp collectors buy some. They use them on envelopes, write their own addresses and post them into the mailbox. They also put a blank paper inside the envelopes. It is done on the first day of the sale of the new stamps. They keep the date-stamped envelope in record.

Q.6. How did the psychiatrist friend react to his description of the third level at the Grand Central Station?

Ans. His friend, Sam did not believe it and said that it was the product of his imagination only. He called it a waking dream wish fulfillment. He also added that Charley’s stamp collecting hobby was a medium of his escape from reality.

 Q.7.  How does the writer defend himself at the allegation of escaping in fantasy by way of stamp collecting?

Ans. The writer defends himself from the allegation of escaping from the real world. He admits that it is a temporary refuge from reality. He adds that his grandfather was also in the habit of collecting stamps. Life was peaceful and without many problems. There was no need of escaping from real life in those days.

 Q.8. What proofs does the writer get that Sam is living in Galesberg in 1984?

Ans. The envelope mailed to Charley’s grandfather was showing July 18, 1894. A note was also written by Sam, admitting his arrival at Glasberg through the third level. He also invited Charley and his wife Louisa to reach there.

 Q9.Do you think the third level was a medium of escape for Charley?

Ans. The third level was really a medium of escape for Charley, who was also a victim of stressful life of the modern age. People get themselves lost in the world of their imagination by various means of escape. Stamp collecting is one of them.

Long Answer-type Qs. (Notes Prepared by Shish Pal Chauhan)

Q1. How often did Charlie get lost at the Grand Central Station?

Ans. One day Charley worked for more time at office. So, he was late for home. So, he took the subway from the Grand Central to reach the second level of it. From there he was to catch a train. He started walking quickly. He reached the second level. But all of a sudden, he lost his way there. He entered a corridor that had a left turn. It was also slanting somewhat downwards. It was like a tunnel. He met no one on the way. There was dead silence. Even he could hear the sound of his own footsteps. Then the corridor took a sharp left turn. After coming down a flight of stairs he reached the third level of the Grand Central Station.

 Q2. What unusual things did he notice there at the third level? How was it different from the other two levels?

Ans. Everything was quite different at the third level for Charley. The room was smaller. There were fewer ticket windows. The lights were dim and flickering because they were open-flame gaslights. There were brass spittoons on the floors. Everything there at the third level was old and belonged to the eighteen-ninety-something. Nothing was there which could be called belonging to the modern times. The furniture at the third level was of ancient time.  A man was using an old type of watch which he kept in his vest pocket. The dresses of the men and women were also of very old style. He also saw an old type of engine. It was a locomotive with a funnel shaped chimney. Old-style bills were accepted there. He could not purchase tickets as he had modern type of bill.

 Q3. ‘The modern consumerist world is full of fear, insecurities, stress and wars.’ What are the ways in which we try to combat them? Answer with reference to The Third Level.

This world is full of fear, insecurities, stress and wars. Charley is also the product of the same kind of world. He must have been a victim of stress and anxiety. So, he developed   a habit of slipping into the world of escape, the third level. He must have had a dormant (hidden) desire of such a platform from where one could go anywhere in the U.S.A. That was the reason he wished to purchase two tickets for Galesburg. So, one day, that wish was fulfilled in his waking dream.

There are many ways to combat (fight) these types of stress. People can do creative writing and lose themselves in imagination. They can enjoy the beauties of nature. They can make several hobbies like listening to music, dancing, painting and gardening. But they should not become habitual of non-desirable habits like drinking wine and taking drugs or intoxicants.

 

 

 

A Thing of Beauty Summary Class 12 English-A Thing of Beauty Summary Cla...

A Thing of Beauty Summary Class 12 English-A Thing of Beauty Summary Cla...

The Rattrap Important Questions Class 12 English-The Rattrap Important Questions CBSE Class 12 English

4.   The Rattrap By Selma Lagerlof

Book: Flamingo (Class XII) (Notes made by Shish Pal

Chauhan: My YouTube Channel: Shish Pal Chauhan Yamuna Nagar)

A. Short Answer-type Qs (about 30 words each)

Q.1    From where did the peddler get the idea of the world being a rat trap?

Ans.  The rattrap seller was walking on his way. He was also thinking about his rattraps. Then the idea of the world being a rat trap came to his mind. 

Q.2    How does the peddler compare the world to a rat trap? What explanation does he give?

Ans.  The whole world is a big rat trap for human beings. He offers cheese and pork for rats as bait. But the big rat trap (i.e. the world) offers riches, joys, shelter, food, and many other things as bait for human beings.

Q.3    Why was the crofter so talkative and friendly with the peddler?

Ans.  The crofter lived alone without a wife or child. He had no one to talk to. He was very happy to meet the peddler. So he was talkative and friendly to him.

Q.4    What confidences (secrets) did the crofter share with the peddler?

          Or What did the crofter tell the rattrap seller?

Ans.  He said that once he worked at Ramsjo

Ironworks. His cow supported him. He sold its milk. Last month he got thirty kronor. He also showed that money to the peddler.

Q.5    How did the peddler rob the poor crofter? Why?

Ans.  Thirty kronor notes of the crofter tempted the poor rattrap seller. He broke the window pane. Then he put his hand inside and took out the pouch containing the money.

Q.6    Why did the peddler make his way through the forest?

Ans.  The peddler was afraid of being robbed. He could be chased and caught by someone on the highway. So he took the way which went through the forest.

Q.7    What made the peddler think that he had indeed fallen into a rat trap?

Ans.  The peddler lost his way in the forest. He tried his best to find the straightway. He was too tired to walk further. Then he realised that he had indeed fallen into a big trap.

Q.8    Why did the iron master speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home?

Ans.  The iron master mistook the peddler for his (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

old acquaintance of the army. It was also Christmas Eve. The iron master felt pity for the miserable (very bad) condition of the peddler. So he spoke kindly to the peddler.

Q.9    Why did the peddler decline (refuse) the iron master’s invitation to come to his home?

Ans.  The peddler had stolen the crofter’s money. It was in his pocket. He was afraid of being exposed. Going to the iron master’s house was putting himself at risk. So he declined the invitation.

Q.10  What made the peddler accept Edla Willmansson’s invitation?

Ans.  Edla was very much polite to the peddler. She showed her friendly manners to him. She told him that he could leave her house at his sweet-will. She won his confidence easily. So he accepted her invitation.

Q.11  What doubts did Edla have about the peddler?

Ans.  Edla’s observation about the peddler was very correct She studied his behaviour at once She understood that the peddler had either stolen something or he had escaped from jail. She also understood that he was not educated

Q.12  When did the iron master realise his mistake?

Ans.  The rattrap seller took a bath. His hair was cut and his face was shaved. He was also dressed in a good suit. The iron master saw him in clear daylight. Then he realised that he had done a mistake. The peddler was not his old acquaintance.                                      

Q.13  What explanation did the peddler give for not revealing his identity? How did he defend himself?

Ans. The rattrap seller said that he had not accepted his invitation. He also said that he did not hide his true identity.       He had wished to pass the night at the forge. But he was requested again and again to say yes to staying with them.

Q.14  Why did Edla still entertain the peddler even after she knew the truth about him? Why did she intercede for the vagabond (wanderer)?

Ans.  Edla was very happy that morning. She had planned to make eatables for the poor peddler on Christmas Eve. She knew the peddler’s fault. But still, she interfered with the vagabond (the rattrap seller).

Q.15  Why was Edla happy to see the gift left by the peddler?

Ans.  Edla had also heard at the church that the rat-trap seller was a thief. She was very disappointed. But she was happy to see the gift. The peddler had left the thirty kronor put in a rat trap. It was really a gift for Edla.

Q.16  Why did the peddler sign himself as Captain Van Stahle?

Ans.  The peddler was mistaken for Captain Van Stable. He visited the iron master’s house as the Captain. While performing the role of a captain, he proved his honesty. He left the stolen money in the house. So he signed as captain Van Stable.

Q.17  What made the peddler finally change his ways?

Ans. It was Edla’s polite behavior and affection that finally changed the peddler’s ways. She also entertained him with food and eatables on Christmas Eve. She was so kind and polite to the peddler. 

 Long Answer Type Questions :

Q1.  The peddler used to commit some thieveries also. In spite of that, the reader has sympathy for him. Justify your answer.

      Or Discuss the character of the peddler, the rattrap seller.

Ans. It is true that the rattrap seller used to commit small thefts sometimes. He used to make rattraps. He had no money to purchase the material to make the rattraps. He had no regular way of earning money. So, he had to beg for food also. He also stole the old crofter’s money. That really makes him a dishonest person. The reader still has sympathy for him. We feel pity for him when he is caught in a difficult situation at the ironmaster’s house. He was insulted and told to go out of the house. But Edla, the ironmaster’s daughter did not let him go. She fed him lovingly with delicious food. It was her good behavior that changed him completely.

 

Q.1.How does the metaphor of the rattrap serve to highlight the human predicament ?  How does the peddler himself succeed in coming out of the big rattrap of the world ? Or ‘theme’

Ans.  The metaphor of ‘rattrap’ serves to highlight the human predicament (difficult situation). The peddler calls this world a big rattrap. People put cheese and pork as bait in the rattraps to catch rats. In the same way, all attractions of the world are baits for human beings. Those attractions are - all lands (countries), villages, cities, seas, joys, riches, food, shelter, heat and clothing. He has also been caught in the big rattrap. He steals the crofter’s money. It puts him into trouble. Finally, Edla’s good nature and his own raised status of a Captain enable him to escape from the big rattrap.

 

Q.2    The story has many instances of unexpected reactions from the characters to others’ behaviour. Pick out instances of their surprises.

Ans.There are some unexpected incidents and reactions of the characters in the story. First, the crofter welcomes the peddler warmly and offers him food and shelter. The peddler robs him of his money. Then the ironmaster thinks him wrongly of his old companion. He offers him to go with him. But the peddler refuses to go with him. After some time, he goes with the ironmaster’s daughter. The next day, the ironmaster looks at him in broad daylight. He realises his mistake of mis-understanding the peddler for his Captain's friend. He ordered the rattrap seller to go out of his house. But Edla stops the peddler. She treats him warmly. She serves him delicious food. It changed the peddler into an honest person. These instances are all unexpected.

     Q. 3 What are the instances in the story that show the characters of the ironmaster and that of his daughter different in many ways ?

OR

          Compare and contrast the characters of the iron master and that of his daughter.

  Ans. The characters of both of these people are quite different. But there is one similarity. Both of them are kind and generous. That was the reason the peddler was brought home. The iron master could not win the peddler’s trust. But Edla could do so. That was the reason the peddler went with her to their house. The ironmaster was impatient. He lost his temper when he learned that the peddler was not his old acquaintance. He ordered him to leave the house at once. But Edla stopped her father from sending the poor person out. She treated him warmly. He fed him delicious food. That changed the peddler’s heart. He became an honest person.

Q.4: How does the peddler interpret the acts of kindness and hospitality shown by the crofter, the iron master, and his daughter?

Ans.  The peddler usually meets people who are not kind to him. He is surprised to meet the crofter. He is given a warm welcome. He talks with the peddler in a friendly way. He gives him both food and shelter. The peddler took the crofter’s hospitality in a light way. He did not feel obliged. Rather, he robbed the crofter of his thirty kronors.

Then the ironmaster was very kind to him. The next morning, the ironmaster realised his mistake. So he ordered him to leave his house at once. The peddler must have thought that the ironmaster’s kindness was based on his selfishness. After that, the ironmaster’s daughter entertained the peddler without showing any selfishness. She shows her politeness, kindness, and generosity to him. It changed the crofter’s heart.

 

Keeping Quiet Summary Class 12 English | English Flamingo-Keeping Quiet ...

Keeping Quiet Summary Class 12 English | English Flamingo-Keeping Quiet ...

Deep Water Important Questions Class 12 English

 3.  Deep Water (William Douglas)

Short Answer Type questions :

Q.1  Describe the writer’s experience when he was of three or four years.OR      Which incident created water aversion in the writer’s mind?

Ans. The writer’s father took him to the beach in California. Both of them were in seawater.  Then a wave knocked him down. It swept over the writer and buried him in water. His breath was broken. The incident created an aversion to water in the writer’s mind.

Q.2  What did the 18-years old boy do the writer and why?

Ans. The writer was afraid of going into the pool alone. So he was waiting for someone to come. Then a boy of eighteen came there. First, he made fun of the writer. He called him skinny. After that, he picked him up and threw him into deep water. He did it just out of fun.

Q.3  Why was the writer at first not much frightened when he was thrown into the pool?

Ans. The writer was hopeful to come to the surface very soon. While going down into the water, he made a plan. He would spring up as soon as his feet touched the bottom of the pool. So he was not frightened.

Q.4  How did the writer feel when he stopped all efforts to save himself?

Ans. The writer felt relaxed. Even his legs became inactive. He felt darkness in his brain. There was no fear and panic. All was quiet and peaceful. He felt drowsy. He was too tired to jump. Those were the moments of giving up all to God.

Q.5  What did the writer remember as he came to his senses after the misadventure at the pool?

Ans. He remembered that he was lying on his stomach. He was vomiting. The boy who had thrown him into the pool was also there. He was saying that he had done that only as fun. Another person was saying that the kid had nearly died.

Q.6  How was the writer affected by his misadventure at the pool?

Ans. It affected the writer badly. It created fear of water in his mind. After that, he never went to the pool. On that night, he reached home trembling. He could not eat that night. Thus the misadventure affected him physically and mentally.

Q.7  Why was Douglas determined to get over his fear of water?

Ans. The writer wanted to bathe in the warm lakes and cascades or wade in Tieton or Bumping River. But the fear of water would paralysed his legs. His heart would freeze. Sometimes he wished to fishing, boating, and swimming. So the writer determined to get over his fear of water.

Q.8  How did Douglas overcome his fear of water?

Ans. First, he got training from an instructor. He taught him swimming piece by piece. He continued to practise swimming for four months. Then he swam two miles in Wentworth Lake. Fear of water came off and on. But he did not care for it. Finally, in the warm lake, he succeeded in overcoming the fear of water.

Q.9  How did Douglas make sure that he had conquered the old terror?

Ans. After training of swimming, the writer wanted to make sure that he had conquered the old terror. For this, he practised swimming alone in the pool. Then he went to Wentworth Lake. He swam into it for two miles. Finally, he conquered the fear of water in the warm lake.

Q.10       The writer says, “The instructor was finished. But I was  not finished.” Why?

Ans. The writer’s instructor trained him in swimming. Then he said his job was finished. But the writer’s job was still unfinished. He was to finish his fear of water by practising swimming alone. That is the reason why the writer says “ ..... I was not finished.”

General Answer :

       The writer Douglas had a fear of water since childhood. But he had a strong desire for swimming. The swimming pool of Y.M.C.A was safe for swimming. He tried to swim into the pool three or four times. One day a misadventure happened. A boy of 18 threw him into deep water just for fun. He was nearly drowned. That incident created almost permanent fear in his mind. The terror for water became stranger in is mind. Whenever he put his feet into the water, the fear of water made him weak. But he wanted to conquer fear in order to enjoy swimming, bathing, fishing and boating. He got training in swimming. After that, he practised swimming for months alone. He swam alone in Wentworth Lake. He swam in the lake for two miles. Finally, he conquered fear in a warm lake.

Q.1  How did Douglas overcome /conquer his fear of water?

Q.2  How did the instructor make a swimmer out of Douglas?

Ans.       For Q.1 & Q. 2, see the answer above (General)

Q.3  How does Douglas describe the panic that gripped him as he almost drowned himself? What makes the description so vivid (clear)?

OR

       Narrate briefly the writer’s emotions and fears when he was thrown into the pool. What plans did he make to come to the surface ?

OR

       What was the misadventure’ of the Y.M.C.A. pool that the writer William Douglas speaks about?

Ans. The misadventure was that a grown-up boy picked up and threw him into the deep water of the pool. In the beginning, he was not so much afraid. He had a plan in his mind. As soon as his feet touched the bottom of the pool he would spring up and come to the surface. But he failed to do so. He felt weak. His legs and arms would not move. He became panicky. Twice he tried to come up, but in vain his effort proved.  He tried to cry; he tried to call his mother, but all was dark before his eyes. At last, his efforts stopped. He left everything to God. He became unconscious. When he came to his senses, he found himself lying on his stomach and he was vomiting Thus he nearly got drowned.

 

Lost Spring Important Questions Class 12 English

                                 2. Lost Spring

 Q1. Who was Saheb? What was his full name? What was the irony about his name?

  Ans. Saheb was a rag-picker. His full name was Saheb-e-Alam. It meant ‘the lord of the Universe’. But he did not know the meaning of his name. He was just a poor boy born of poor parents. He had to struggle for his livelihood. This was the irony of his name.

Q2. What promise had the writer made with Saheb one day? Why did she feel small in front of him?    

Ans. One day, the writer gave Saheb the offer to join her school when she opened it. She did not promise him seriously about opening a school.   But Saheb took it seriously. That’s why she felt belittled when he asked her if she had opened a school.

Q3. What was Saheb wearing one morning? Where did he get it one morning?

  Ans. One morning, Saheb was wearing tennis shoes. These shoes were discarded (thrown) by a rich parents’ son because one of them had a hole in it These shoes also show Saheb’s love for playing tennis.

 Q4.What are the hazards of working in the glass bangles industries of Firozabad?

  Ans. The glass bangles have to work in small rooms which have no ventilation for fresh air and light to come there. Their eyes are in danger while working in these dark places with the light of furnaces only.

  Q5.Why did the steel canister seem burdensome than the load of rags to Sahib, when he worked at a tea stall?

   Ans. Saheb had to work in a tea stall as a servant. He did not feel good while working there. He had to work under a boss. Previously he was the master of his work. Saheb lost all the previous joy and carefree manner. So fetching a canister seemed more burdensome than the load of rags on his shoulders. 

Q5.Why did the steel canister seem burdensome than the load of rags to Sahib, when he worked at a tea stall?

   Ans. Saheb had to work in a tea stall as a servant. He did not feel good while working there. Although he got Rs. 800/ for his work, he was not happy. He had to work under a boss. Previously he was the master of his work. Saheb lost all the previous joy and carefree manner. So fetching a canister seemed more burdensome than the load of rags on his shoulders. 

 

   Q6. Who is Savita? What is she doing? What does the writer wonder about her?

   Ans. Savita is a young girl, who is sitting near an elderly woman. She is in a pink dress and soldering pieces of glass.

   The writer wonders if she knows about the sanctity of bangles that she is helping in soldering them.

Q7. How, in your opinion, can Mukesh realize his dream? How is his attitude different from his parents?

                               Or

   Is it possible for Mukesh to realize his dream? Justify your answer. 

Ans. The author Anees Jung notices a flicker of hope in the eyes of Mukesh. He talks of his dream to become a garage mechanic. He would walk a long distance on foot to fulfill his dream. He dares to break the lineage of the occupation of his father and forefathers.

Long answer Type Qs

   Q.2./11       How does Anees Jung describe the life of Seemapuri rag-pickers?

   Ans.     Seemapuri ragpickers live a life of hell. They cannot dream of living a normal life. They came from Bangladesh in 1971. Since then, they are living in Seemapuri. Their houses are of mud, with roofs of tin or tarpaulin. They have no basic facilities for sewage, drainage, and running water. They are about 10,000. They are all rag pickers. Garbage is a gold mine for them. Their children help them with rag-pickers. They are unable to go to school because of poverty. Food is more important to them than anything else. Garbage is the only source of their livelihood. As identity cards, they have only ration cards. They can buy grains with the help of them

  

Q.3/11   Describe the life of families engaged in making bangles in Ferozabad.

  Ans. Many families in Ferozabad are engaged in making bangles. These families have been doing this job for many years. They work near furnaces. They weld glass and make bangles. Women from different parts of India wear them. About 20,000 children work near these hot furnaces. They endanger their eyes while doing their work. The bangle-makers of Ferozabad are very poor. They are living as if they were living in hell. They live in inhuman conditions. The streets are very narrow and full of garbage. The walls and doors of their houses are in crumbling (about to fall) condition. Mukesh’s family also lives in the same area. They are the victims of middlemen, police, and politicians. They dare not break the line of their profession.